Electromagnetic valve is an automation basic component used to control fluids, belonging to actuators and not limited to hydraulic and pneumatic systems. It is used in industrial control system to adjust the direction, flow, speed and other parameters of medium.
Electromagnetic valves can be classified into three main categories based on their principles:
1. Direct acting solenoid valve
Principle: When powered on, the electromagnetic coil generates electromagnetic force to lift the closing member from the valve seat, and the valve opens; When the power is cut off, the electromagnetic force disappears, and the spring presses the closing member against the valve seat, causing the valve to close.
2. Step by step direct acting solenoid valve
Principle: It is a combination of direct action and pilot operated principle. When there is no pressure difference between the inlet and outlet, after being energized, the electromagnetic force directly lifts the pilot small valve and the main valve closing member upward in sequence, and the valve opens. When the inlet and outlet reach the starting pressure difference, after being energized, the electromagnetic force pilot small valve, the lower chamber pressure of the main valve rises, and the upper chamber pressure drops, thereby using the pressure difference to push the main valve upwards; When the power is cut off, the pilot valve uses spring force or medium pressure to push the closing member downwards, causing the valve to close.
3. Pilot operated solenoid valve
Principle: When powered on, the electromagnetic force opens the pilot hole, causing the pressure in the upper chamber to rapidly decrease, creating a pressure difference of high and low around the closing element. The fluid pressure pushes the closing element to move upward, and the valve opens; When the power is cut off, the spring force closes the pilot hole, and the inlet pressure quickly forms a lower and higher pressure difference around the closing valve through the bypass hole. The fluid pressure pushes the closing valve to move downward and close the valve.
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